Earth History
Event | Eon | Genesis | Age | Century | Year |
Creation of the Universe | -37 | ||||
Formation of the Earth | 0 | ||||
Formation of the Moon | 0 | 93 | |||
End of the Late Heavy Bombardment, First life—prokaryotes | 2 | ||||
First Photosynthesis | 5 | 36 | |||
Atmosphere becomes oxygen-rich—first “Snowball Earth” | 9 | ||||
First Eukaryotes | 9 | 31 | |||
Formation of the supercontinent Rodinia | 13 | 76 | |||
First multicellular organisms | 14 | 46 | |||
Breakup of supercontinent Rodinia | 14 | 96 | |||
“Snowball earth” severe enough that bottoms of oceans might have frozen | 15 | 24 | |||
First great extinction (Ordivician-Silurian) | 15 | 34 | |||
Another “Snowball earth” | 15 | 62 | |||
Start of Cambrian explosion | 16 | 04 | |||
First land based plants | 16 | 24 | |||
Evolution of trees | 16 | 62 | |||
First predecessors of amphibians move from water to land | 16 | 64 | |||
Second Great Extinction (Late Devonian) | 16 | 66 | |||
First plants to evolve seeds, which greatly expanded the number of plants | 16 | 72 | |||
First reptiles | 16 | 92 | |||
Formation of Pangaea continent | 17 | 00 | |||
Third Great Extinction (Permian-Triassic—most severe ever) | 17 | 15 | |||
First non-avian dinosaurs | 17 | 24 | |||
Fourth Great Extinction (Triassic-Jurassic) | 17 | 35 | |||
Breakup of Pangaea continent | 17 | 50 | |||
Earliest mammals | 17 | 52 | |||
Fifth Great Extinction—including non-avian dinosaurs | 17 | 89 | |||
First true primates | 17 | 93 | |||
First stone tools | 18 | 14 | 98 | ||
Homo habilis | 18 | 15 | 00 | ||
Beginning of Pleistocene, period of repeated Ice Ages | 18 | 15 | 12 | ||
Homo erectus | 18 | 15 | 72 | ||
Rise of Neanderthals | 18 | 15 | 96 | ||
Homo sapiens | 18 | 16 | 04 | ||
Extinction of Neanderthals | 18 | 16 | 11 | ||
End of last glaciation, beginning of Holocene, 9701 BCE | 18 | 16 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
Human history:
Event | Gregorian calendar | ISO 8601 | PE Century:Year |
Approximate beginning of the Holocene (Eon 18, Genesis 16, Age 12) | 9701 BC | -9700 | 0 |
First building phase of Gobleki Tepe—oldest religious site discovered | c 9500 BC | -9500 | 200 |
Earliest known walled city (Jericho), first evidence of domesticated sheep in Iraq | c 9000 BC | -9000 | 700 |
First evidence of harvesting of wild wheat, invention of boats, domesticated dogs | c 8500 BC | -8500 | 1200 |
First copper found in Middle East – beginning of Copper Age | C 6000 BC | -6000 | 3700 |
Date of creation of the Earth per the Byzantine Calendar | 5509 BC | -5508 | 4192 |
Rice cultivated in China, Maize cultivated in Mexico | c 5000 BC | -5000 | 4700 |
Start of Sumerian civilization | c 5000 BC | -5000 | 4700 |
Start of the Julian date (JD) at January 1, Greenwich noon, Julian proleptic calendar | 4713 BC | -4712 | 4988 |
Begin of Anno Mundi in the Jewish calendar | 3761 BC | -3760 | 5940 |
Appearance of Minoan civilization on Crete | C 3650 BC | -3650 | 6050 |
Cuneiform—one of the first forms of writing—invented in Sumer | C 3400 BC | -3400 | 6300 |
Start date of Maya calendar, August 11 | 3114 BC | -3113 | 6687 |
Reported birth of Krishna | 3112 BC | -3111 | 6589 |
Pharao Narmer/Menes unifies Egypt | 3085 BC | -3084 | 6616 |
Beginning of Indus Valley Civilization | 3000 BC | -2999 | 6701 |
Beginning of the construction of Stonehenge | C 2750 BC | -2750 | 6950 |
Start of Regency of Pharaoh Djoser, Building of the first pyramid | 2720 BC | -2719 | 6981 |
Xia dynasty, first China dynasty | c 2070 BC | -2070 | 7630 |
Reported birth of Abraham | 1813 BC | -1812 | 7888 |
Birth of Hammurabi | 1810 BC | -1810 | 7890 |
Begin of the Reign of Akhenaten | 1379 BC | -1378 | 8322 |
Reported departure of Israelites from Egypt | c 1300 BC | -1300 | 8400 |
Begin of the first Olympiad | 776 BC | -775 | 8925 |
Legendary Founding of Rome, Start of ab urbe condita | 753 BC | -752 | 8948 |
Birth of Confucius | 551 BC | -550 | 9150 |
Estimated death of Gautama Buddha, | 487 BC | -486 | 9214 |
Death of Alexander the Great in Babylon | 323 BC | -322 | 9378 |
Founding of the Imperial China by the Qin dynasty | 221 BC | -220 | 9480 |
Introduction of the Julian calendar | 45 BC | -44 | 9656 |
Possible date of the Birth of Jesus | 3 BC | -2 | 9698 |
Year Zero at ISO 8601 | 1 BC | 0 | 9700 |
Begin of the Vulgar Era Anno Salutis | 1 AD | 1 | 9701 |
Possible year of Jesus’ crucifixion | 30 AD | 30 | 9730 |
Roman Emperor Constantine convenes First Council of Nicaea, establishes institutional church | 325 AD | 325 | 10025 |
Fall of Rome | 476 AD | 476 | 10176 |
Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina (Hijrah), Begin of the Islamic calendar | 622 AD | 622 | 10322 |
Coronation of Charlemagne | 800 AD | 800 | 10500 |
Norman Invasion of England | 1066 AD | 1066 | 10766 |
Birth of Genghis Khan | 1162 AD | 1162 | 10862 |
Signing of Magna Carta | 1215 AD | 1215 | 10915 |
Beginning of Black Death that decimated Europe | 1340 AD | 1340 | 11040 |
Fall of Constantinople | 1453 AD | 1453 | 11153 |
Voyages of Christopher Columbus | 1492 AD | 1492 | 11192 |
Beginning of trans-Atlantic Slave Trade | 1526 AD | 1526 | 11226 |
Introduction of the Gregorian calendar | 1582 AD | 1582 | 11282 |
Bacon’s Rebellion that led to the hardening of “racial” divides in the United States and the stripping of rights from African-Americans | 1676 AD | 1676 | 11376 |
Use of coal for smelting metals developed | 1678 AD | 1678 | 11478 |
United States Constitution signed | 1787 AD | 1787 | 11487 |
Storming of the Bastille begins the French Revolution | 1789 AD | 1789 | 11489 |
Battle of Waterloo | 1815 AD | 1815 | 11515 |
Birth of Petroleum Industry | 1848 AD | 1848 | 11548 |
American Civil War | 1861 AD | 1861 | 11561 |
Start of Second Industrial Revolution | C 1870 AD | 1870 | 11570 |
Birth of Automobile | 1886 AD | 1886 | 11586 |
Invention and first flight of the airplane | 1903 AD | 1903 | 11603 |
Sinking of the RMS Titanic; Xinhai Revolution in China | 1912 AD | 1912 | 11612 |
Beginning of World War I | 1914 AD | 1914 | 11614 |
February and October Revolutions in Russia | 1917 AD | 1917 | 11617 |
Foundation of the Irish Free State and Independence of Egypt | 1922 AD | 1922 | 11622 |
The beginning of World War II | 1939 AD | 1939 | 11639 |
Explosion of the atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki | 1945 AD | 1945 | 11645 |
Commencement date of Before Present | 1950 AD | 1950 | 11650 |
Cuban Missile Crisis | 1962 AD | 1962 | 11662 |
Summer of Love – explosion of the hippie and anti-war movements | 1967 AD | 1967 | 11667 |
First human Moon landing | 1969 AD | 1969 | 11669 |
The revolutions of Eastern Europe | 1989 AD | 1989 | 11689 |
The collapse of the Soviet Union | 1991 AD | 1991 | 11691 |
September 11, 2001 attacks, beginning of two decades of Middle East destabilization | 2001 AD | 2001 | 11701 |
Election of Donald Trump as U.S. President | 2016 AD | 2016 | 11716 |
First year of 22nd century CE, second year of Century 118 EC | 2101 AD | 2101 | 11801 |
End of 23rd century CE, beginning of Century 120 EC | 2300 AD | 2300 | 12000 |
First year of 30th century CE, second year of Century 127 EC | 3001 AD | 3001 | 12701 |
First year of 100th century CE, second year of Century 197 EC | 10,001 AD | 10001 | 19701 |
End of 103rd century CE, beginning of Century 200 EC | 10,300 AD | 10300 | 20000 |
End of current Age 12, Century 249; eve of Age 13, Century 0 | 15,299 AD | 15299 | 24999 |